Cold chain logistics is a professional logistics that utilizes technology such as temperature control and preservation, as well as facilities and equipment such as cold storage, refrigerated trucks, and refrigerated boxes, to ensure that cold chain products are always in a specified temperature environment throughout the entire process of initial processing, storage, transportation, circulation processing, sales, and distribution. Promoting the high-quality development of cold chain logistics is an important means to reduce postpartum losses of agricultural products and waste in food circulation, expand high-quality market supply, and better meet the growing needs of the people for a better life; It is an important foundation to support the development of large-scale industrialization of agriculture, promote agricultural transformation and increase farmers' income, and assist in rural revitalization; It is an important way to meet the personalized, high-quality, and differentiated consumption needs of urban and rural residents, promote consumption upgrading and cultivate new growth points, deeply implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and promote the formation of a strong domestic market; It is an important guarantee for improving the quality and safety system of fresh agricultural products from farmland to dining tables, from branches to the tip of the tongue, enhancing the quality control capabilities of the entire process of pharmaceutical product logistics, and supporting the implementation of food safety strategies and the construction of a healthy China. According to the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and in accordance with the 14th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long Range Objectives for 2035, this plan is formulated.
1、 Current situation
In recent years, the demand for cold chain products such as meat, fruits, vegetables, aquatic products, dairy products, frozen foods, vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, and pharmaceuticals in China has grown rapidly, and the business environment has continued to improve, promoting the rapid development of cold chain logistics. However, there are still many prominent bottlenecks and pain points that are difficult to effectively meet market demand. China has entered a new stage of development. The people's demand for high-quality consumer goods and market players' demand for high-quality logistics services has grown rapidly. The normalization of prevention and control of COVID-19 has put forward new and higher requirements for cold chain logistics. The development of cold chain logistics is facing new opportunities and challenges.
（1） Development foundation.
The industry scale has significantly expanded. In recent years, the scale of China's cold chain logistics market has grown rapidly, and the construction of national backbone cold chain logistics bases and cold chain facilities in production and sales areas has steadily advanced. The level of cold chain equipment has significantly improved. In 2020, the scale of the cold chain logistics market exceeded 380 billion yuan, with a cold storage capacity of nearly 180 million cubic meters and a total of approximately 287000 refrigerated trucks, which are about 2.4 times, 2 times, and 2.6 times higher than the end of the 12th Five Year Plan period, respectively.
The quality of development is constantly improving. Preliminary formation of a cold chain logistics service system that connects production and sales areas, integrates transportation and warehousing, and integrates logistics and industry. The service functions of cold chain logistics facilities continue to expand, and the ability to control temperature throughout the entire chain and trace the entire process continues to improve. The development of cold chain trailer transportation and multimodal transportation is accelerating. The clearance efficiency of cold chain logistics ports has been significantly improved, and the organizational capacity of international cold chain logistics has been significantly enhanced.
The pace of innovation has significantly accelerated. The research and application of digital, standardized, and green cold chain logistics facilities and equipment are accelerating, and new technologies such as fresh-keeping refrigeration, energy conservation, and environmental protection are being applied at an accelerated pace. The function of the cold chain logistics traceability supervision platform continues to improve. Cold chain express delivery, cold chain co delivery, "fresh e-commerce+cold chain home delivery", "central kitchen+food cold chain distribution" and other new formats and models are becoming increasingly popular. The cross-border integration and integrated innovation capabilities of cold chain logistics have significantly improved.
The market entities are constantly growing. Cold chain logistics enterprises are accelerating their growth, with a clear trend towards networked development, and the industry's development ecology is constantly improving. The market concentration is increasing day by day, and a group of leading enterprises have formed in the fields of cold chain warehousing, transportation, distribution, equipment manufacturing, etc., continuously extending supply chain service functions such as procurement, distribution, and information, significantly improving resource integration capabilities and market competitiveness.
The fundamental role is increasingly prominent. Cold chain logistics has continuously enhanced its ability to connect production and consumption, serve social livelihoods, and ensure consumer safety. It has played an important role in regulating cross seasonal supply and demand of agricultural products, stabilizing market supply, suppressing price fluctuations, and reducing circulation losses. Especially in the fight against the COVID-19, cold chain logistics has made an important contribution to ensuring the safety of the whole process of transportation, storage and distribution of vaccines and other medical products.
However, at the same time, the problem of imbalanced and insufficient development of cold chain logistics in China is prominent, and the ability to regulate the supply and demand of agricultural products across seasons and regions is insufficient. There are also many losses and food circulation waste after the production of agricultural products, and there is still a significant gap compared to developed countries. From the perspective of policy environment, there is a lack of overall planning, and the distribution of cold chain logistics infrastructure is uneven between the eastern, central, southern, and northern regions, as well as between urban and rural areas, resulting in structural imbalances and contradictions; The difficulties in land use, financing, and vehicle traffic for cold chain logistics enterprises are particularly prominent; The cold chain logistics supervision system is incomplete and effective supervision is insufficient, and the entire chain supervision system needs to be improved. From the perspective of the industry chain, the construction of facilities such as pre cooling, refrigeration, and supporting sorting and processing in the production area is lagging behind; The level of specialization in cold chain transportation facilities, equipment, and operations needs to be improved, and the development of new energy refrigerated vehicles is relatively lagging behind; The cold chain logistics system in large and medium-sized cities is not sound, and the cold chain facilities in traditional agricultural product wholesale markets have prominent shortcomings. From the perspective of operational system, there is a lack of intensive and large-scale cold chain logistics hub facilities, low integration and comprehensive utilization of existing resources, insufficient networked and organized industry operations, and a backbone cold chain logistics network covering the whole country has not yet been formed. The integration with the modern logistics operation system of "channels+hubs+networks" is insufficient. From the perspective of development foundation, the level of specialization, scale, and networking development of cold chain logistics enterprises is not high, and their international competitiveness is not strong; The application of information technology and automation technology is not widespread enough; The cold chain logistics standard system needs to be improved, with fewer mandatory standards and more recommended standards. The connection between standards is not close enough, and some fields lack standards. The coordination and implementation of standards need to be strengthened; Insufficient training of cold chain professionals is hindering the development of the industry.